General Tech

98.css

By lopespm

hackernews-api5h ago · Jul 23, 202627 min read

Image courtesy of hackernews-api

A design system for building faithful recreations of old UIs.

Intro

98.css is a CSS library for building interfaces that look like Windows 98. See more on GitHub.

My First VB4 Program

Hello, world!

This library relies on the usage of semantic HTML. To make a button, you'll need to use a <button>. Input elements require labels. Icon buttons rely on aria-label. This page will guide you through that process, but accessibility is a primary goal of this project.

You can override many of the styles of your elements while maintaining the appearance provided by this library. Need more padding on your buttons? Go for it. Need to add some color to your input labels? Be our guest.

This library does not contain any JavaScript, it merely styles your HTML with some CSS. This means 98.css is compatible with your frontend framework of choice.

Here is an example of 98.css used with React, and an example with vanilla JavaScript. The fastest way to use 98.css is to import it from unpkg.

<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://unpkg.com/98.css"
>

You can install 98.css from the GitHub releases page, or from npm.

npm install 98.css

Components

Button

A command button, also referred to as a push button, is a control that causes the application to perform some action when the user clicks it.

A standard button measures 75px wide and 23px tall, with a raised outer and inner border. They are given 12px of horizontal padding by default.

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<button>Click me</button>
<input type="submit" />
<input type="reset" />

You can add the class default to any button to apply additional styling, useful when communicating to the user what default action would happen in the active window if the Enter key was pressed on Windows 98.

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<button class="default">OK</button>

When buttons are clicked, the raised borders become sunken. The following button is simulated to be in the pressed (active) state.

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<button>I am being pressed</button>

Disabled buttons maintain the same raised border, but have a "washed out" appearance in their label.

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<button disabled>I cannot be clicked</button>

Button focus is communicated with a dotted border, set 4px within the contents of the button. The following example is simulated to be focused.

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<button>I am focused</button>

Checkbox

A check box represents an independent or non-exclusive choice.

Checkboxes are represented with a sunken panel, populated with a "check" icon when selected, next to a label indicating the choice.

Note: You must include a corresponding label after your checkbox, using the <label> element with a for attribute pointed at the id of your input. This ensures the checkbox is easy to use with assistive technologies, on top of ensuring a good user experience for all (navigating with the tab key, being able to click the entire label to select the box).

This is a checkbox

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<input type="checkbox" id="example1">
<label for="example1">This is a checkbox</label>

Checkboxes can be selected and disabled with the standard checked and disabled attributes.

When grouping inputs, wrap each input in a container with the field-row class. This ensures a consistent spacing between inputs.

I am checked

I am inactive

I am inactive but still checked

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<div class="field-row">
  <input checked type="checkbox" id="example2">
  <label for="example2">I am checked</label>
</div>
<div class="field-row">
  <input disabled type="checkbox" id="example3">
  <label for="example3">I am inactive</label>
</div>
<div class="field-row">
  <input checked disabled type="checkbox" id="example4">
  <label for="example4">I am inactive but still checked</label>
</div>

OptionButton

An option button, also referred to as a radio button, represents a single choice within a limited set of mutually exclusive choices. That is, the user can choose only one set of options.

Option buttons can be used via the radio type on an input element.

Option buttons can be grouped by specifying a shared name attribute on each input. Just as before: when grouping inputs, wrap each input in a container with the field-row class to ensure a consistent spacing between inputs.

Yes

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<div class="field-row">
  <input id="radio5" type="radio" name="first-example">
  <label for="radio5">Yes</label>
</div>
<div class="field-row">
  <input id="radio6" type="radio" name="first-example">
  <label for="radio6">No</label>
</div>

Option buttons can also be checked and disabled with their corresponding HTML attributes.

Peanut butter should be smooth

I understand why people like crunchy peanut butter

Crunchy peanut butter is good

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<div class="field-row">
  <input id="radio7" type="radio" name="second-example">
  <label for="radio7">Peanut butter should be smooth</label>
</div>
<div class="field-row">
  <input checked disabled id="radio8" type="radio" name="second-example">
  <label for="radio8">I understand why people like crunchy peanut butter</label>
</div>
<div class="field-row">
  <input disabled id="radio9" type="radio" name="second-example">
  <label for="radio9">Crunchy peanut butter is good</label>
</div>

GroupBox

A group box is a special control you can use to organize a set of controls. A group box is a rectangular frame with an optional label that surrounds a set of controls.

A group box can be used by wrapping your elements with the fieldset tag. It contains a sunken outer border and a raised inner border, resembling an engraved box around your controls.

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<fieldset>
  <div class="field-row">Select one:</div>
  <div class="field-row">
    <input id="radio10" type="radio" name="fieldset-example">
    <label for="radio10">Diners</label>
  </div>
  <div class="field-row">
    <input id="radio11" type="radio" name="fieldset-example">
    <label for="radio11">Drive-Ins</label>
  </div>
  <div class="field-row">
    <input id="radio12" type="radio" name="fieldset-example">
    <label for="radio12">Dives</label>
  </div>
</fieldset>

You can provide your group with a label by placing a legend element within the fieldset.

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<fieldset>
  <legend>Today's mood</legend>
  <div class="field-row">
    <input id="radio13" type="radio" name="fieldset-example2">
    <label for="radio13">Claire Saffitz</label>
  </div>
  <div class="field-row">
    <input id="radio14" type="radio" name="fieldset-example2">
    <label for="radio14">Brad Leone</label>
  </div>
  <div class="field-row">
    <input id="radio15" type="radio" name="fieldset-example2">
    <label for="radio15">Chris Morocco</label>
  </div>
  <div class="field-row">
    <input id="radio16" type="radio" name="fieldset-example2">
    <label for="radio16">Carla Lalli Music</label>
  </div>
</fieldset>

TextBox

A text box (also referred to as an edit control) is a rectangular control where the user enters or edits text. It can be defined to support a single line or multiple lines of text.

Text boxes can rendered by specifying a text type on an input element. As with checkboxes and radio buttons, you should provide a corresponding label with a properly set for attribute, and wrap both in a container with the field-row class.

Occupation

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<div class="field-row">
  <label for="text17">Occupation</label>
  <input id="text17" type="text" />
</div>

Additionally, you can make use of the field-row-stacked class to position your label above the input instead of beside it.

Address (Line 1)

Address (Line 2)

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<div class="field-row-stacked" style="width: 200px">
  <label for="text18">Address (Line 1)</label>
  <input id="text18" type="text" />
</div>
<div class="field-row-stacked" style="width: 200px">
  <label for="text19">Address (Line 2)</label>
  <input id="text19" type="text" />
</div>

To support multiple lines in the user's input, use the textarea element instead.

Additional notes

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<div class="field-row-stacked" style="width: 200px">
  <label for="text20">Additional notes</label>
  <textarea id="text20" rows="8"></textarea>
</div>

Text boxes can also be disabled and have value with their corresponding HTML attributes.

Favorite color

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<div class="field-row">
  <label for="text21">Favorite color</label>
  <input id="text21" disabled type="text" value="Windows Green"/>
</div>

Slider

A slider, sometimes called a trackbar control, consists of a bar that defines the extent or range of the adjustment and an indicator that shows the current value for the control...

Sliders can rendered by specifying a range type on an input element.

Volume: Low High

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<div class="field-row" style="width: 300px">
  <label for="range22">Volume:</label>
  <label for="range23">Low</label>
  <input id="range23" type="range" min="1" max="11" value="5" />
  <label for="range24">High</label>
</div>

You can make use of the has-box-indicator class replace the default indicator with a box indicator, furthermore the slider can be wrapped with a div using is-vertical to display the input vertically.

Note: To change the length of a vertical slider, the input width and div height.

Cowbell

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<div class="field-row">
  <label for="range25">Cowbell</label>
  <div class="is-vertical">
    <input id="range25" class="has-box-indicator" type="range" min="1" max="3" step="1" value="2" />
  </div>
</div>

Dropdown

A drop-down list box allows the selection of only a single item from a list. In its closed state, the control displays the current value for the control. The user opens the list to change the value.

Dropdowns can be rendered by using the select and option elements.

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<select>
  <option>5 - Incredible!</option>
  <option>4 - Great!</option>
  <option>3 - Pretty good</option>
  <option>2 - Not so great</option>
  <option>1 - Unfortunate</option>
</select>

By default, the first option will be selected. You can change this by giving one of your option elements the selected attribute.

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<select>
  <option>5 - Incredible!</option>
  <option>4 - Great!</option>
  <option selected>3 - Pretty good</option>
  <option>2 - Not so great</option>
  <option>1 - Unfortunate</option>
</select>

Window

The following components illustrate how to build complete windows using 98.css.

Title Bar

At the top edge of the window, inside its border, is the title bar (also reffered to as the caption or caption bar), which extends across the width of the window. The title bar identifies the contents of the window.

Include command buttons associated with the common commands of the primary window in the title bar. These buttons act as shortcuts to specific window commands.

You can build a complete title bar by making use of three classes, title-bar, title-bar-text, and title-bar-controls.

A Title Bar

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<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Title Bar</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
</div>

We make use of aria-label to render the Close button, to let assistive technologies know the intent of this button. You may also use "Minimize", "Maximize", "Restore" and "Help" like so:

A Title Bar

A Maximized Title Bar

A Helpful Bar

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<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Title Bar</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Minimize"></button>
    <button aria-label="Maximize"></button>
    <button aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Maximized Title Bar</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Minimize"></button>
    <button aria-label="Restore"></button>
    <button aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Helpful Bar</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Help"></button>
    <button aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
</div>

Each aria-label also has a corresponding styling class to render the title bar buttons, to let the aria-label text be in other languages without causing rendering, accessibility, or localization issues.

A Title Bar using Button Styling Classes

A Maximized Title Bar using Button Styling Classes

A Helpful Bar using Button Styling Classes

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<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Title Bar using Button Styling Classes</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="minimize"></button>
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="maximize"></button>
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="close"></button>
  </div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Maximized Title Bar using Button Styling Classes</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="minimize"></button>
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="restore"></button>
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="close"></button>
  </div>
</div>
<br />
<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Helpful Bar using Button Styling Classes</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="help"></button>
    <button aria-label="Any Text" class="close"></button>
  </div>
</div>

Maximize buttons can be disabled, useful when making a window appear as if it cannot be maximized.

A Title Bar with Maximize disabled

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<div class="title-bar">
  <div class="title-bar-text">A Title Bar with Maximize disabled</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Minimize"></button>
    <button aria-label="Maximize" disabled></button>
    <button aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
</div>

You can make a title bar "inactive" by adding inactive class, useful when making more than one window.

An inactive title bar

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<div class="title-bar inactive">
  <div class="title-bar-text">An inactive title bar</div>
  <div class="title-bar-controls">
    <button aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>
</div>

Window contents

Every window has a boundary that defines its shape.

To give our title bar a home, we make use of the window class. This provides a raised outer and inner border, as well as some padding. We can freely resize the window by specifying a width in the container style.

A Complete Window

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<div class="window" style="width: 300px">
  <div class="title-bar">
    <div class="title-bar-text">A Complete Window</div>
    <div class="title-bar-controls">
      <button aria-label="Minimize"></button>
      <button aria-label="Maximize"></button>
      <button aria-label="Close"></button>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

To draw the contents of the window, we use the window-body class under the title bar.

A Window With Stuff In It

There's so much room for activities!

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<div class="window" style="width: 300px">
  <div class="title-bar">
    <div class="title-bar-text">A Window With Stuff In It</div>
    <div class="title-bar-controls">
      <button aria-label="Minimize"></button>
      <button aria-label="Maximize"></button>
      <button aria-label="Close"></button>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="window-body">
    <p>There's so much room for activities!</p>
  </div>
</div>

Status Bar

A status bar is a special area within a window, typically the bottom, that displays information about the current state of what is being viewed in the window or any other contextual information, such as keyboard state.

You can render a status bar with the status-bar class, and status-bar-field for every child text element.

A Window With A Status Bar

There are just so many possibilities:

A Task Manager
A Notepad
Or even a File Explorer!

Press F1 for help

Slide 1

CPU Usage: 14%

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<div class="window" style="width: 320px">
  <div class="title-bar">
    <div class="title-bar-text">A Window With A Status Bar</div>
  </div>
  <div class="window-body">
<p> There are just so many possibilities:</p>
<ul>
    <li>A Task Manager</li>
    <li>A Notepad</li>
    <li>Or even a File Explorer!</li>
</ul>
  </div>
  <div class="status-bar">
    <p class="status-bar-field">Press F1 for help</p>
    <p class="status-bar-field">Slide 1</p>
    <p class="status-bar-field">CPU Usage: 14%</p>
  </div>
</div>

TreeView

A tree view control is a special list box control that displays a set of objects as an indented outline based on their logical hierarchical relationship.

To render a tree view, use an ul element with the tree-view class. The children of this list (li elements), can contain whatever you'd like.

We can put
✨ Whatever ✨
We want in here

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<ul class="tree-view">
  <li>We can put</li>
  <li><strong style="color: purple">✨ Whatever ✨</strong></li>
  <li>We want in here</li>
</ul>

To make this a tree, we can nest further ul elements (no class needed on these). This will provide them with a nice dotted border and indentation to illustrate the structure of the tree.

To create expandable sections, wrap child lists inside of details elements.

Table of Contents
What is web development?
CSS
- Selectors
- Specificity
- Properties
JavaScript
- Avoid at all costs
- Unless
  - Avoid
  - At
    - Avoid
    - At
    - All
    - Cost
  - All
  - Cost
HTML
Special Thanks

Show code

<ul class="tree-view">
  <li>Table of Contents</li>
  <li>What is web development?</li>
  <li>
    CSS
    <ul>
      <li>Selectors</li>
      <li>Specificity</li>
      <li>Properties</li>
    </ul>
  </li>
  <li>
    <details open>
      <summary>JavaScript</summary>
      <ul>
        <li>Avoid at all costs</li>
        <li>
          <details>
            <summary>Unless</summary>
            <ul>
              <li>Avoid</li>
              <li>
                <details>
                  <summary>At</summary>
                  <ul>
                    <li>Avoid</li>
                    <li>At</li>
                    <li>All</li>
                    <li>Cost</li>
                  </ul>
                </details>
              </li>
              <li>All</li>
              <li>Cost</li>
            </ul>
          </details>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </details>
  </li>
  <li>HTML</li>
  <li>Special Thanks</li>
</ul>

Tabs

A tab control is analogous to a divider in a file cabinet or notebook. You can use this control to define multiple logical pages or sections of information within the same window.

To render a tab list, use a menu element with the [role=tablist] attribute. The children of this menu (li elements), should get a [role=tab] attribute.

Tabs should be managed by adding custom javascript code. All you need is to add the [aria-selected=true] attribute to the active tab.

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<div class="window-body">
  <p>Hello, world!</p>
  <menu role="tablist">
    <li role="tab" aria-selected="true"><a href="#tabs">Desktop</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">My computer</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Control panel</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Devices manager</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Hardware profiles</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Performance</a></li>
  </menu>
  <div class="window" role="tabpanel">
    <div class="window-body">
      <p>the tab content</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

To create multirows tabs, add a multirows class to the menu tag.

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<div class="window-body">
  <p>Hello, world!</p>
  <menu role="tablist" class="multirows">
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Desktop</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">My computer</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Control panel</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Devices manager</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Hardware profiles</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Performance</a></li>
  </menu>
  <menu role="tablist" class="multirows">
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Users</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Network</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Programs</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Services</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Resources</a></li>
    <li role="tab"><a href="#tabs">Advanced</a></li>
  </menu>
  <div class="window" role="tabpanel">
    <div class="window-body">
      <p>the tab content</p>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

TableView

To render a table view, use a table element. Wrap it with a div element with sunken-panel class to provide proper border and overflow container.

With a bit of extra scripting you can make table view interactive. Give interactive class to table element to show pointer cursor when hovering over body rows. Table rows can be given highlighted class to appear selected.

Name	Version	Company
MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver	3.51.11.00	MySQL AB
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation
SQL Server	3.70.06.23	Microsoft Corporation

Show code

<div class="sunken-panel" style="height: 120px; width: 240px;">
  <table class="interactive">
    <thead>
      <tr>
        <th>Name</th>
        <th>Version</th>
        <th>Company</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
      <tr>
        <td>MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver</td>
        <td>3.51.11.00</td>
        <td>MySQL AB</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>SQL Server</td>
        <td>3.70.06.23</td>
        <td>Microsoft Corporation</td>
      </tr>
    </tbody>
  </table>
</div>
<script>
  document.querySelectorAll('table.interactive').forEach(element => {
    element.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
      const highlightedClass = 'highlighted';
      const isRow = element => element.tagName === 'TR' && element.parentElement.tagName === 'TBODY';
      const newlySelectedRow = event.composedPath().find(isRow);
      const previouslySelectedRow = Array.from(newlySelectedRow.parentElement.children).filter(isRow).find(element => element.classList.contains(highlightedClass));
      if(previouslySelectedRow){
        previouslySelectedRow.classList.toggle(highlightedClass);
      }
      if (newlySelectedRow) {
        newlySelectedRow.classList.toggle(highlightedClass);
      }
    })
  });
</script>

Progress Indicator

You can use a progress indicator, also known as a progress bar control, to show the percentage of completion of a lengthy operation.

There are two types of progress bars: solid and segmented. The solid version is the default. To declare a segmented bar, you should use the segmented class.

Show code

<div class="progress-indicator">
  <span class="progress-indicator-bar"  style="width: 40%;" />
</div>

Show code

<div class="progress-indicator segmented">
  <span class="progress-indicator-bar" style="width: 40%;" />
</div>

Field borders

Text boxes, check boxes, drop-down list boxes, spin boxes and list boxes use the field border style. You can also use the style for define the work area within a window. It uses the sunken outer and sunken inner basic border styles. For most controls, the interior of the field uses the button highlight color. For text fields, such as text boxes and combo boxes, the interior uses the button face color when the field is read-only or disabled.

Status fields use the status field border style. This style uses only the sunken outer basic border style. You use the status field style in status bars and other read-only fields where the content of the file can change dynamically.

As mentioned in these guidelines, these styles are used in other contexts than just form elements and status fields such as to indicate work areas and dynamic content. For that reason, we provide three classes for these generic usages, field-border, field-border-disabled, and status-field-border. These classes only define the border and background color and minimal padding, so you will typically need to at least provide some extra padding yourself.

Work area

Show code

<div class="field-border" style="padding: 8px">
  Work area
</div>

Disabled work area

Show code

<div class="field-border-disabled" style="padding: 8px">
  Disabled work area
</div>

Dynamic content

Show code

<div class="status-field-border" style="padding: 8px">
  Dynamic content
</div>

Issues, Contributing, etc.

98.css is MIT licensed.

Refer to the GitHub issues page to see bugs in my CSS or report new ones. I'd really like to see your pull requests (especially those new to open-source!) and will happily provide code review. 98.css is a fun, silly project and I'd like to make it a fun place to build your open-source muscle.

Thank you for checking my little project out, I hope it brought you some joy today. Consider starring/following along on GitHub and maybe subscribing to more fun things on my twitter. 👋

98.css

Intro

Components

Button

Checkbox

OptionButton

GroupBox

TextBox

Slider

Dropdown

Window

Title Bar

Window contents

Status Bar

TreeView

Tabs

TableView

Progress Indicator

Field borders

Issues, Contributing, etc.

An FDA Panel Just Endorsed These Unproven Peptides

The Visual 6502

A taxonomy of omnicidal futures involving artificial intelligence (2025)

Intro

Components

Button

Checkbox

OptionButton

GroupBox

TextBox

Slider

Dropdown

Window

Title Bar

Window contents

Status Bar

TreeView

Tabs

TableView

Progress Indicator

Field borders

Issues, Contributing, etc.

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An FDA Panel Just Endorsed These Unproven Peptides

The Visual 6502

A taxonomy of omnicidal futures involving artificial intelligence (2025)